Explain what is meant by electrolysis
_
Describe the test to show that a gas is chlorine
_
Write the balanced equation for the reaction of silver nitrate solution, AgNO3
,
with dilute hydrochloric acid to form silver chloride, AgCl, and nitric acid
_
Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons.
State what is meant by unsaturated.
_
Propane and propene are bubbled through separate samples of bromine water.
Describe what you would see in these tests
_
In industry, long chain hydrocarbon molecules are cracked to form shorter chain
hydrocarbon molecules.
Explain why this process is important.
_
The percentage of carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere today is less than
that in the Earth’s earliest atmosphere.
Explain what has caused the percentage of carbon dioxide to decrease.
_
Carbon dioxide and other gases in the atmosphere help to keep the Earth
warm.
State how these gases keep the Earth warm
_
Describe the test to show that a gas is oxygen
_
Metal oxides react with acids to produce salts and water.
Dilute sulfuric acid was added to magnesium oxide.
State the name of the salt formed.
_
Explain what you understand by the term alloy
_
Explain, in terms of their structures, why magnalium is stronger than pure
aluminium.
_
Limestone is a natural form of calcium carbonate.
Explain why calcium carbonate can be used to treat waste gases produced in
coal-fired power stations.
_
If calcium carbonate is heated strongly it decomposes to calcium oxide and
carbon dioxide.
Write the balanced equation for this reaction.
_
The formula of a molecule of propene is C3
H6
.
Draw the structure of a molecule of propene, showing all covalent bonds.
_
Methane burns in oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water.
Write the balanced equation for this reaction
_
Natural gas is mainly methane.
A gas with similar composition, known as bio-methane, can be produced from
plants grown specifically for this purpose.
Describe the advantages and disadvantages of using bio-methane rather than
natural gas as a source of energy.
_
During the twentieth century red-shift and CMB radiation were discovered.
They have provided scientists with data to test theories of the origin of the Universe.
Complete the following sentence.
CMB is an abbreviation for ............................................................................................................
_
State which theory about the origin of the Universe is supported by the
existence of CMB.
_
There is a red-shift in the light received from some galaxies.
State what is meant by red-shift
_
Some galaxies show greater red-shift than others.
Explain what this suggests about the Universe.
_
Modern telescopes can provide us with more data than the telescopes used
100 years ago.
Explain what additional data can be collected and processed using modern
telescopes.
_
Some students investigate the efficiency of electric motors.
The students find that one electric motor has an efficiency of 60%.
Explain in terms of energy what is meant by an efficiency of 60%.
_
Many earthquakes and volcanoes are linked to the production of infrasound
waves.
Describe what is meant by infrasound waves.
_
The electromagnetic spectrum is continuous.
Different regions of the spectrum have different properties.
Name an electromagnetic wave that is also an ionising radiation.
_
Genuine banknotes contain a special ink.
This ink is invisible under normal light.
Suggest why the ink glows when ultraviolet radiation is shone on it.
_
An electromagnetic wave has a frequency of 7 × 109 Hz.
The speed of the wave is 3 × 108 m/s.
Calculate the wavelength of the wave.
_
Radiation from different regions of the electromagnetic spectrum can affect the
human body in many ways.
Discuss the different ways in which excessive exposure to electromagnetic
radiations of various frequencies may cause damage to the human body.
_
What is the name of the device used to change the size of an alternating voltage?
_
A LED lamp has a power rating of 3 W.
The voltage across the lamp is 12 V.
Calculate the current in the lamp.
_
Explain how the sweat gland helps to cool the body
_
Explain how shivering can help a person regulate their body temperature.
_
Describe how body hair helps to control a person’s temperature on a cold day.
_
Explain how smoking tobacco can cause cancer.
_
Describe the effect caffeine can have on the human body.
_
State two characteristics of the kingdom Plantae.
_
Cholera is a disease caused by a pathogen.
State the type of pathogen that causes cholera.
_
Explain how the physical barriers of the body can help to prevent infection by
pathogens.
_
State the names of two chemicals that can be used to control infection.
_
Plant hormones affect the way plants grow.
Explain how growth hormones cause phototropism and gravitropism in plants.
_
Energy is lost between each trophic level of a food chain.
Suggest how this energy is lost between each trophic level.
_
Carbon can be recycled in the environment.
State the name of the process in which plants remove carbon dioxide from
the atmosphere.
_
Explain how the recycling of paper and plastics can benefit the environment.
______________________________________________________
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